Yield gap analysis:

  • Soybean is cultivated over an area of 11.00 million ha and the production is 11.53 million tones registering a productivity of 10.45 q/ha (QE 2015-16) under Vertosol in the rainfed ecosystem in Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Karnataka, Chhattisgarh and Telangana. There persist wide variations in the productivity ranging from 9.5 q/ha in Karnataka and Chhattisgarh to 14.8 q/ha in Telangana, primarily due to farm level inefficiencies. Dual problems of moisture stress (drought and excess moisture in Vertosols), non-availability of Broad Bed Furrow (BBF) equipment in adequate number, besides biotic stresses (stem fly, rust, yellow mosaic virus ,and spodoptera), high seed rate, low SRR, improper plant population maintenance are the major factors that limit productivity realization as per potential.

State

No. ofFLDs

Seed Yieldin IT(kg/ha)

SAY *(kg/ha)

% Increaseover SAY

NAY**(kg/ha)

WAY***(kg/ha)

Chhattisgarh

40

1657

954

73.7

1163

2620

Gujarat

45

1665

810

105.6

 

Jharkhand

80

1262

931

35.6

Karnataka

380

1899

952

99.4

Madhya Pradesh

1596

1462

1110

31.7

Maharashtra

384

1972

1247

58.2

Manipur

45

1506

705

113.7

Punjab

62

1620

NA

NA

Rajasthan

329

1550

1230

26.0

Tamil Nadu

40

1283

NA

NA

Telangana

40

1995

1482

34.6

Total/Mean

3039

1595

1163

37.1

  • Soybean productivity ranges from 1.6 to 1.9 t/ha in general except for Jharkand, where productivity is as low as of 1.26t/ha. The yield gap ranges from 32 per cent (Madhya Pradesh) to= 114 per cent (Manipur) with an average yield gap of 37 per cent. Gujarat, Karnataka and Chhattisgarh are important states for technology outreach to harvest greater productivity gains.

Sowing time:

  • Optimum time of sowing is from mid of June to end of June subject to availability of soil moisture/rainfall.

Soil and seed bed preparation:

  • Soybean can be grown on wide range of soils with better performance under vertisols rich in organic carbon. Deep ploughing once in 3 year is recommended for moisture conservation and insect-pest management.

Seed rate:

  • The optimum seed rate of 55-65 kg/ha with a spacing of 30-45 cm, which can be reduced with the use of broad-bed-furrow/ridge-furrow.

Seed treatment:

  • Application of Rhizobium (400 gm per 65-75 kg seed), Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) and Fungicide (Thiram + Carbendazim) or Trichoderma viridi @ 8-10 g/kg of seed.

Inter cropping:

  • Inter-cropping of arhar with soybean is better for risk management and utilization of nutrients from different soil layers.

Nutrient management:

  • Recommended dose of 25: 60: 40:30 kg / ha of N: P: K: S in north plains and application of 5 kg Zn per ha through zinc sulphate is also recommended for better yields.

Weed management:

  • Application of pre-emergence weedicides (Pendamethalin / Metolachlor/ Diclosulum) followed by inter-culture operations is recommended for control of weeds.

Water management:

  • Adoption of Broad-Bed-Furrow/Ridge-Furrow systems is recommended for effective water management. Lifesaving irrigation at pod initiation and grain filling gives better yield. Spray of anti-transparent like KNO3 @1% or MgCO3 or Glycerol is also recommended during long dry spell.

Pest and disease management:

  • In addition to deep summer ploughing and seed treatment, use of resistant varieties like JS 335, PK 262, NRC 12, MACS 124 against stem-fly, NRC 7, NRC 37, JS 80-21, Pusa 16, Pusa 20, Pusa 24, PS 564, PK 472 against defoliators, JS 71-05 against girdle beetle, JS 80-21, PK 1029, PK 1024, Indira Soya 9 against soybean rust, PK 262, PK 416, PK 472, PK 1042, NRC 37 against collar-rot, PK 416, PK 472, PS 564 against bacterial pustule, and PS 564, PK 1024, PK 1029, PS 1042, PS 1092, SL 295 against yellow mosaic virus are also recommended.

Harvesting:

  • The best time of harvesting of the soybean crop is when pods turn pale-yellow, is recommended to avoid shattering.

Yield:

  • Under rainfed condition – 1600-2000 kg/ha and under Irrigated condition – 2000-2500 kg/ha.

Soybean growing States:

  • The state wise details of Area, Production and yield during 2016-17 for major Soybean growing states:
StateArea (Lakh ha.)Production (Lakh tone)Yield
Madhya Pradesh54.0166.491231
Maharashtra38.4045.861194
Rajasthan10.5511.321072
Karnataka3.182.37745
Telengana2.772.38860