As In Organic
Farming Management Use Of Synthetic Chemicals Are Prohibited, The Pest
Management Is Done By: (I) Cultural Or Agronomic (Ii) Mechanical (Iii)
Biological Or By (Iv) Organically Acceptable Botanical Extract Or Some
Chemicals Such As Copper Sulphate And Soft Soap Etc.
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Cultural Alternative – Use Of Disease Free Seed Or
Stock And Resistant Varieties Are Best Preventive Practice In Organic Pest
Management. Maintenance Of Biodiversity, Effective Crop Rotation, Multiple
Cropping, Habitat Manipulation And Use Of Trap Crops Are Also Effective
Practices Which Can Keep The Population Of Pests Below Economical Threshold
Limit (ETL).
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Mechanical Alternative
– Removal Of Affected Plants And Plant Parts, Collection & Destruction Of
Egg Masses And Larvae, Installation Of Bird Perches, Light Traps, Sticky
Colored Plates And Pheromone Traps Are Most Effective Mechanical Methods Of
Pest Control.
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Biological Alternative – Use Of Pest Predators And
Pathogens Has Also Proved To Be Effective Method Of Keeping Pest Problem
Below ETL. Inundative Release Of Trichogramma Sp. @ 40,000 To 50,000 Eggs Per
Hectare, Chelonus Blackburni @15,000 To 20, 000 Per Hectare, Apanteles Sp.@15,000
To 20,000 Per Ha And Chrysoperla Sp.@ 5,000 Per Ha., After 15 Days &
Others Parasites & Predators After 30 Days Of Sowing, Can Also
Effectively Control Pest Problem In Organic Farming .
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Use Of Biopesticides – Trichoderma Viride Or T.
Harazianum Or Pseudomonas Fluorescence Formulation @ 4gm/Kg Seed Either Alone
Or In Combination, Manage Most Of The Seed Borne & Soil Borne Diseases. There
Are Other Formulations Viz. Beauvaria Bassiana, Metarizium Anisopliae, Numeria
Rileyi, Verticillium Sp, Which Are Available In The Market And Can Manage
Their Specific Host Pest. Bacillus Thurengensis Stenebrionis And B.Thurengensis
Sandigo Are Effective Against Coleopterans As Well As Some Other Insect
Species. Bt. Has Been Used In The Management Of Diamond Back Moth On
Crucifers And Vegetables @ 0.5-1.0 Kg. Formulation Per Ha.
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Many Organic
Farmers And Ngos Have Developed Large Number Of Innovative Formulations Which
Are Effectively Used For Control Of Various Pests. Although None Of These
Formulations Have Been Subjected To Scientific Validation But Their Wide
Acceptance By Farmers Speak Of Their Usefulness. Farmers Can Try These
Formulations, As They Can Be Prepared On Their Own Farm Without The Need Of
Any Purchases. Some Of The Popular Formulations Are Listed Below:
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Cow Urine – Cow Urine Diluted With Water In Ratio
Of 1: 20 And Used As Foliar Spray Is Not Only Effective In The Management Of
Pathogens & Insects, But Also Acts As Effective Growth Promoter For The
Crop.
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Fermented Curd Water – In Some Parts Of Central India
Fermented Curd Water (Butter Milk Or Chaach) Is Also
Being Used For The Management Of White Fly, Jassids Aphids Etc.
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Dashparni Extract – Crush Neem Leaves 5 Kg, Vitex Negundo
Leaves 2 Kg, Aristolochia Leaves 2 Kg, Papaya (Carica Papaya) 2 Kg, Tinospora
Cordifolia Leaves 2 Kg, Annona Squamosa (Custard Apple) Leaves 2 Kg, Pongamia
Pinnata (Karanja) Leaves 2 Kg, Ricinus Communis (Castor) Leaves 2 Kg, Nerium Indicum
2 Kg, Calotropis Procera Leaves 2 Kg, Green Chilly Paste 2 Kg, Garlic Paste
250 Gm, Cow Dung 3 Kg And Cow Urine 5 Lit In 200 Lit Water Ferment For One
Month. Shake Regularly Three Times A Day. Extract After Crushing And
Filtering. The Extract Can Be Stored Up To 6 Months And Is Sufficient For One
Acre.
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Neem-Cow Urine Extract – Crush 5 Kg Neem Leaves In
Water, Add 5lit Cow Urine And 2 Kg Cow Dung, Ferment For 24 Hrs With
Intermittent Stirring, Filter Squeeze The Extract And Dilute To 100 Lit, Use
As Foliar Spray Over One Acre. Useful Against Sucking Pests And Mealy Bugs.
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Mixed Leaves Extract – Crush 3 Kg Neem Leaves In
10 Lit Cow Urine. Crush 2 Kg Custard Apple Leaf, 2 Kg Papaya Leaf, 2kg
Pomegranate Leaves, 2 Kg Guava Leaves In Water. Mix The Two And Boil 5 Times
At Some Interval Till It Becomes Half. Keep For 24 Hrs, Then Filter Squeeze
The Extract. This Can Be Stored In Bottles For 6 Months. Dilute 2-2.5 Lit Of
This Extract To 100 Lit For 1 Acre. Useful Against Sucking Pests, Pod/Fruit
Borers.
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Chilli-Garlic Extract – Crush 1 Kg Ipomea (Besharam)
Leaves, 500 Gm Hot Chilli, 500 Gm Garlic And 5 Kg Neem Leaves In 10 Lit Cow
Urine. Boil The Suspension 5 Times Till It Becomes Half. Filter Squeeze The
Extract. Store In Glass Or Plastic Bottles. 2-3 Lit Extract Diluted To 100
Lit Is Used For One Acre. Useful Against Leaf Roller, Stem/Fruit/Pod Borer
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Broad Spectrum Formulation – 1 – In A Copper Container
Mix 3 Kg Fresh Crushed Neem Leaves And 1 Kg Neem Seed Kernel Powder With 10
Lit Of Cow Urine. Seal The Container And Allow The Suspension To Ferment For
10 Days. After 10 Days Boil The Suspension, Till The Volume Is Reduced To
Half. Ground 500 Gm Green Chillies In 1 Lit Of Water And Keep Overnight. In Another
Container Crush 250gm Of Garlic In Water And Keep Overnight. Next Day Mix The
Boiled Extract, Chilli Extract And Garlic Extract. Mix Thoroughly And Filter.
This Is A Broad Spectrum Pesticide And Can Be Used On All Crops Against Wide
Variety Of Insects. Use 250 Ml Of This Concentrate In 15 Lit Of Water For
Spray.
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Broad Spectrum Formulation – 2 Suspend 5 Kg Neem
Seed Kernel Powder, 1kg Karanj Seed Powder, 5 Kg Chopped Leaves Of Besharam (Ipomea
Sp.) And 5kg Chopped Neem Leaves In A 20lit Drum. Add 10-12 Lit Of Cow Urine
And Fill The Drum With Water To Make 150 Lit. Seal The Drum And Allow It To
Ferment For 8-10 Days. After 8 Days Mix The Contents And Distil In A
Distiller. Distillate Will Act As A Good Pesticide And Growth Promoter. Distillate
Obtained From 150lit Liquid Will Be Sufficient For One Acre. Dilute In
Appropriate Proportion And Use As Foliar Spray. Distillate Can Be Kept For
Few Months Without Any Loss In Characteristics.
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